Capsicum annuum: A Comprehensive Review of Its Mechanisms of Action, Health Benefits, and Bioavailability Challenges
Capsicum annuum, a widely cultivated species within the Solanaceae family, is valued for its culinary versatility and profound health-promoting properties. Rich in bioactive compounds such as capsaicinoids, carotenoids, flavonoids, and abundant vitamins A, C, and E, Capsicum annuum offers many therapeutic effects. Emerging evidence highlights its roles in antioxidant defense, anti-inflammatory pathways, metabolic enhancement, cardiovascular…